According to data from 2023, the total import volume of frozen cod in China was 123,964 tons, a decrease of 18.6% compared to the previous year. Among them, Russia's import volume decreased by 18.1%, while the United States' import volume decreased by 42.9%.
There are many "fake" cod fish in the market, which are also called "鳕鱼" (cod)in Chinese. The common types, scientific names, English names, and nutritional values of "cod" in the market are as follows:
Real cods: Gadus
大西洋鳕鱼:
Scientific name: Gadus morhua
English name: Atlantic cod
Nutritional value: Rich in protein, it is an important substance for constructing and repairing tissues, maintaining normal metabolism, and immune function. Rich in various vitamins such as vitamin A and vitamin D, among which vitamin A is beneficial for eye and skin health, and vitamin D can promote calcium absorption, which is very important for bone health. It also contains various minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, selenium, etc. Calcium and phosphorus help maintain the normal structure and function of bones, while iron plays an important role in the synthesis of hemoglobin and the normal functioning of the immune system. Its rich unsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in omega-3 fatty acids, are beneficial for the health of the heart, brain, and eyes.
太平洋鳕鱼:
Scientific name: Gadus macrocephalus
English name: Pacific cod
Nutritional value: Similar to Atlantic cod, it is a high protein, low-fat fish that is rich in high-quality protein, vitamins, and minerals. Its meat is relatively loose, and its taste and nutrition are not much different from Atlantic cod, but it is smaller in size.
格陵兰鳕鱼:
Scientific name: Gadus ogac
English name: Greenland cod
Nutritional value: It is also a nutritious cod variety, containing various beneficial nutrients for human health, but due to its very low production, it is relatively rare in the market.
黄线狭鳕:
Scientific name: Gadus chalcogramma (Theragra chalcograma)
English name: Alaska Pollock or Walleye Pollock
Nutritional value: It has a high protein content and is rich in various trace elements. Due to the large fishing volume and relatively low price, it is commonly used for processing food such as crab sticks.
Other cods:
裸盖鱼:
Scientific name: Anoplopoma fimbria
English names: Sablefish (US market name), Black COD (common name in Alaska region)
Nutritional value: The meat is delicate and delicious, with a high oil content. The fish meat is soft, tender, and smooth, with a light milk aroma. Rich in nutrients such as unsaturated fatty acids, protein, and trace elements, it is beneficial to human health.
南极犬牙鱼(南极小鳞犬牙鱼):
Scientific name: Dissostichus eleginoides
English name: Patagonian toothfish, Chilean seabass
Nutritional value: Growing in natural and pollution-free deep sea areas, fish meat is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, protein, calcium, magnesium, zinc, selenium and other nutrients. The meat is white and tender, with a smooth and delicious taste.
油鱼
异鳞蛇鲭
Scientific names: Lepidocybium flavobrunneum
English names: oilfish, escolar, black oilfish, rudderfish, white tuna
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum is found in deep tropical and temperate waters around the world. It is also known as snake mackerel, walu walu.
棘鳞蛇鲭:
Scientific names: Ruvettus pretiosus
English names: oilfish, escolar
Skin very rough, scales interspersed with spinous bony tubercles.
Nutritional value: Oil fish has a delicious taste, but about 20% of the wax esters in the body cannot be absorbed by the human body. Consuming too much at once can cause irritation to the intestines, leading to discomfort such as diarrhea and gastrointestinal spasms, and the discharge of orange yellow oil esters. Therefore, it is generally not recommended to consume.
细鳞壮鳕 (巨型鼠尾鳕):
Scientific names: Albatrossia pectoralis
English name：giant grenadier or giant rattail
Nutritional value: Albatrossia pectoralis is also called watery cod. Its flesh has a high moisture content, and two-thirds of the food used for cooking is water. Secondly, the nutritional content of watery cod is not as high as that of real cod. The most important point is that in terms of living habits, other edible deep-sea fish mainly feed on live food (such as small fish, shrimp, plankton, etc.), but watery cod mainly feeds on carrion. So if you choose to eat deep-sea fish, it's better to choose nutritious fish such as real cod, salmon, etc.
The softness of giant grenadier flesh was related to its high moisture and low protein content, averaging 91.4% and 6.8%, respectively, and its muscle structure.
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